Sylvester Strong1
Family | Margaret English |
Child |
|
Citations
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Family records from Layton M. and Ella (Wheeler) Strong Bible.
Margaret English1
Family | Sylvester Strong |
Child |
|
Citations
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Family records from Layton M. and Ella (Wheeler) Strong Bible.
Layton W. Strong1
b. 6 May 1861, d. 4 October 1922
Father | Lebbeus Marion Strong1 b. 29 Aug 1835, d. 1918 |
Mother | Cynthia Elizabeth Morrison2 b. 6 Sep 1840, d. 1931 |
Layton W. Strong was born on 6 May 1861 in Kinzua, Kinzua Township, Warren County.1 He was the son of Lebbeus Marion Strong and Cynthia Elizabeth Morrison.1,2 He married Ella M. Wheeler on 3 March 1887 in Warren County, Pennsylvania.3,1 He died on 4 October 1922 in Lander, Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania, at age 61.1 He and Ella M. Wheeler were buried in Russell Cemetery, Warren County.4
Layton W. Strong and Ella M. Wheeler lived in Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania, where Layton was a farmer, and at one time was a manager of a farm.5,6,7
Family | Ella M. Wheeler b. 1862, d. 1947 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S213] Obituary of Layton Strong, Warren Evening Times, Warren, PA, 9 Oct. 1922. Hereinafter cited as Warren Evening Times.
- [S213] Warren Evening Times, Warren, PA. Hereinafter cited as Warren Evening Times.
- [S485] Marriage License, Layton M. Strong and Ella M. Wheeler, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Warren, Pennsylvania.
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Russell Cemetery records.
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Layton M. Strong household, National Archives, (Layton M. Strong, May 1861, PA/PA/PA, md13y, farmer; Ella M., Dec 1862, PA/NY/PA, 3child/3lvg; Walter W., Jan 1891, PA; Elmer M., Sep 1895, PA; Elbert J., Sep 1895, PA).
- [S207] 1910 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Layton M. Strong household, National Archives, (Layton M. Strong, 48, PA/PA/PA, md23y, manager, general farm; Ella, 47, PA/NY/PA, 4child/4lvg; Albert[sic], 14, PA; Elmer, 14, PA; Carrie, 9, PA; Joseph J. Wheeler, 76, NY/CT/CT, father-in-law, wd, own income; (3 hired men and a servant completed the household)).
- [S433] 1920 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Layton M. Strong household, National Archives, (Layton M. Strong, 58, PA/PA/PA, farmer, dairy farm; Ella M., 57, PA/PA/PA; Elmer M., 24, PA, laborer, home farm; Cynthia E. Strong, 79, PA/PA/PA, mother, wd, nurse).
- [S114] Walter W. Strong, SS# 178-10-2205, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
- [S114] Elbert J. Strong, SS# 195-30-1356, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
- [S114] Elmer M. Strong, SS# 108-07-1903, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, original source not known.
Ella M. Wheeler
b. 1862, d. 1947
Ella M. Wheeler was born in 1862.1 She married Layton W. Strong, son of Lebbeus Marion Strong and Cynthia Elizabeth Morrison, on 3 March 1887 in Warren County, Pennsylvania.2,3 She died in 1947.1 She and Layton W. Strong were buried in Russell Cemetery, Warren County.1
Ella M. Wheeler and Layton W. Strong lived in Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania, where Layton was a farmer, and at one time was a manager of a farm.4,5,6
Family | Layton W. Strong b. 6 May 1861, d. 4 Oct 1922 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Russell Cemetery records.
- [S485] Marriage License, Layton M. Strong and Ella M. Wheeler, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Warren, Pennsylvania.
- [S213] Obituary of Layton Strong, Warren Evening Times, Warren, PA, 9 Oct. 1922. Hereinafter cited as Warren Evening Times.
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Layton M. Strong household, National Archives, (Layton M. Strong, May 1861, PA/PA/PA, md13y, farmer; Ella M., Dec 1862, PA/NY/PA, 3child/3lvg; Walter W., Jan 1891, PA; Elmer M., Sep 1895, PA; Elbert J., Sep 1895, PA).
- [S207] 1910 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Layton M. Strong household, National Archives, (Layton M. Strong, 48, PA/PA/PA, md23y, manager, general farm; Ella, 47, PA/NY/PA, 4child/4lvg; Albert[sic], 14, PA; Elmer, 14, PA; Carrie, 9, PA; Joseph J. Wheeler, 76, NY/CT/CT, father-in-law, wd, own income; (3 hired men and a servant completed the household)).
- [S433] 1920 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Layton M. Strong household, National Archives, (Layton M. Strong, 58, PA/PA/PA, farmer, dairy farm; Ella M., 57, PA/PA/PA; Elmer M., 24, PA, laborer, home farm; Cynthia E. Strong, 79, PA/PA/PA, mother, wd, nurse).
- [S114] Walter W. Strong, SS# 178-10-2205, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
- [S114] Elbert J. Strong, SS# 195-30-1356, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
- [S114] Elmer M. Strong, SS# 108-07-1903, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, original source not known.
Michael J. McAnallen1
b. October 1837, d. 21 October 1911
Father | Jacob McAnallen2 b. c 1797, d. 19 Aug 1877 |
Mother | Catherine Hanlen2 |
Michael J. McAnallen was born in October 1837.1 He was the son of Jacob McAnallen and Catherine Hanlen.2 He married Abigail Morrison, daughter of Zephaniah Morrison and Hannah Marie Northrop, circa 1865.1 He died on 21 October 1911 in Forestville, Marion Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania.3 He and Abigail Morrison were buried in St. Alphonsus Roman Catholic Cemetery, Forestville, Marion Township, Butler County.4
Michael J. McAnallen was listed as the head of a family on the 1880 Census of Marion Township, Butler County. The household consisted of Michael; his wife Abbie; and their children Zephaniah, Florine C., Nelson J., and Frank S.5 He was listed as the head of a family on the 1900 Census of Marion Township, Butler County. The household consisted of Michael, his wife Abbie, and children Nelson, Clement, and John.1 He was listed as the head of a family on the 1910 Census of Marion Township, Butler County. The household consisted of Michael McAnallen 71, md. 45y; Abbie 64, 5child/4lvg; John L. 23, md. 1y; Mabel A. 18, 1child/1lvg; Minnie M. 7/12.6
Family | Abigail Morrison b. 17 Jun 1846, d. 11 May 1927 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Butler Co., Marion Tp., Michael McAnallen household, National Archives.
- [S1045] Beatrice F. Mansfield, Gardner, McAnallen, Ralston and Fehrenbach Family History (n.p.: VBW Publishing, 2004), p. 93.
- [S214] Michael J. McAnallen will, Mercer County Will WB V:435, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Mercer, Pennsylvania . Hereinafter cited as Mercer County Will.
- [S215] Gravestone, Michael and Abigail McAnallen, St. Alphonsus R.C. Cemetery, Forestville, Butler Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat.
- [S151] 1880 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Butler Co., Marion Tp., M. McAnallen household, National Archives, (M. McAnallen 40, Abbie 34, Zephaniah 12, Florine C. 9, Nelson J. 6, Frank S. 1).
- [S207] 1910 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Marion Tp., Butler Co., Michael McAnallen household, National Archives.
- [S92] Helen Morrison Peterson, compiler, Samuel Morrison of Bucks County and Lycoming County and Some of His Descendants (n.p.: n.pub., 1957).
- [S487] Butler County Registrar's Office, AD 1:302, Courthouse, Butler, Butler County. Hereinafter cited as Butler Co. Registrar's Office.
- [S215] Gravestone, Frank S. McAnallen, St. Alphonsus R.C. Cemetery, Forestville, Butler Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat.
- [S114] John L. McAnallen, SS# 159-16-7839, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
Samuel P. Bray1
b. 11 April 1846, d. 13 August 1892
Samuel P. Bray was born on 11 April 1846 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania.2,3 He married Virginia Louise Morrison, daughter of Zephaniah Morrison and Hannah Marie Northrop, on 18 June 1872 in West Kane, McKean County, Pennsylvania.3,4 He died on 13 August 1892 in Kane, McKean County, Pennsylvania, at age 46.5 He was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Kane, McKean County, Pennsylvania.5
Samuel P. Bray served in Company G, 189 Ohio Infantry during the Civil War.5 He was listed as the head of a family on the 1880 Census of Whitmore Township, McKean County. The household consisted of Samuel; his wife Virginia L; and their children Edwin, Frank, and Bessie.6
Family | Virginia Louise Morrison b. 21 Feb 1850, d. 26 Dec 1883 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Wetmore Tp., Samuel P. Bray household, National Archives.
- [S1277] Forest Lawn Cemetery, Kane, McKean Co. (BRAY Samuel P. born 4-11-1846 died 8-13-1892 - Co. G 189 Ohio Sec. B 990)
, Painted Hills Genealogical Society, McKean County, PA, online http://www.paintedhills.org/mckeanco.html - [S151] 1880 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Wetmore Tp., Samuel P. Bray household, National Archives.
- [S92] Helen Morrison Peterson, compiler, Samuel Morrison of Bucks County and Lycoming County and Some of His Descendants (n.p.: n.pub., 1957).
- [S1277] Forest Lawn Cemetery, Kane, McKean Co. (BRAY Samuel P. born 4-11-1846 died 8-13-1892 - Co. G 189 Ohio Sec. B 990), Painted Hills Genealogical Society, McKean County, PA, online http://www.paintedhills.org/mckeanco.html
- [S151] 1880 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Wetmore Tp., Samuel P. Bray household, National Archives, (Samuel P. Bray, 33, laborer, Phila, PA, father and mother born in Wales; Virginia L., 30; Edwin 6; Frank 4; Bessie).
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Hamilton Tp., Edward M. Bray household, National Archives.
- [S485] Marriage License, marriage license of Elizabeth L. Bray and Henry Franklin Schobey, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Warren, Pennsylvania.
- [S485] Marriage License, marriage license of Virginia L. Bray and Harvey G. Berkhouse (birthdate is listed as 1884, however, her mother died in 1883, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Warren, Pennsylvania.
Frederick Northrop1,2
b. 6 November 1859, d. 19 October 1932
Father | Lyman Northrop2 |
Mother | Harriet Sharp2 |
Frederick Northrop was born on 6 November 1859 in Warren County, Pennsylvania.1,2 He was the son of Lyman Northrop and Harriet Sharp.2 He married Florine Patsey Morrison, daughter of Zephaniah Morrison and Hannah Marie Northrop, on 17 April 1887. Florine was Frederick's second wife.3 He died on 19 October 1932 in Ridgeway, Elk County, Pennsylvania, at age 72.2,4 He was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery, Russell, Pine Grove Townsip, Warren County, Pennsylvania.5,2
Frederick Northrop and Flora Morrison lived in Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania, where Fred was a farmer.6,7 He and Flora Morrison were living in Warren, Warren County, Pennsylvania, in 1920.8 He was living in Warren in 1930 with his daughter-in-law Lottie and granddaugther Beryl.9
Family | Florine Patsey Morrison b. 17 Mar 1859, d. 4 Mar 1922 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Fred Northrup household, National Archives.
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 12 Sep 2015), imaged certificate for Fred Northrup [sic: typed], File Number 91457 (filed 21 Oct 1932), (informantMrs. Harriett Gardner, Ridgway, PA [dau]); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: parents: Lymann Northrup (bn Warren Co., PA) and Hariett Sharp (bn PA); spouse: Florine Northrop; b 6 Nov 1859 Warren Co., PA; d 19 Oct 1932, Ridgway, Elk Co., PA, bur Russell, PA).
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Obituary of Florine Morrison Northrup.
- [S1359] Warren County Registrar's Docket, Fred Northrop, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Warren, Pennsylvania.
- [S1100] Find A Grave database and images, (www.findagrave.com), memorial page for Pine Grove Cemetery, Russell, Warren Co., PA (Fred Nothrop, 1858-not inscribed), recorded created by djb, 24 Dec 2012, # 102540212.
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Fred Northrop household, National Archives, (Fred Northrop, Nov 1858, PA/PA/PA, md17y, farmer; Flora, Mar 1859, PA/PA/PA, 3child/3lvg; Hattie M., June 1890, PA; Claud M., Apr 1893, PA; next household: Lyman D. Northrop, Jan 1833, NY/NY/CT, md45y, farmer; Harriet, June 1836, PA/NY/NY, 2child/2lvg; (Carl Northrop, Feb 1885, PA/PA/PA, was a farm laborer lvg w/John J. Mahan household)).
- [S207] 1910 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Farmington Tp., Fred Northrop household, National Archives, (Fred Northrop, 51, PA/PA/PA, md26y, farmer; Flora, 51, PA/PA/PA, 3child/3lvg; Hattie, 19, PA, teacher; Claude, 16, PA; next household: Lyman D. Northrop, 77, NY/NY/CT, md54y, farmer; Harriet, 74, PA/Eng/NY, 2child/2lvg).
- [S433] 1920 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Warren, Cayuga St., Fred Northrop household, National Archives, (Fred Northrop, 61, PA/NY/PA, laborer, veneer plant; Flora, 61, PA/PA/PA; Lottie, 32, PA/PA/PA, dau, wd, photographer, art studio; Beryl E., 8, PA/PA/PA, granddau).
- [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Warren, Cayuga St., Lottie Northrop household, National Archives, (Lottie Northrop, 42, PA/PA/PA, wd; Beryl E., 18, PA/PA/PA, dau, typist, mail order house; Fred Northrop, 71, PA/PA/PA, father-in-law).
- [S213] Obituary of Carl Northup, Warren Evening Times, Warren, PA, 26 Oct 1918. Hereinafter cited as Warren Evening Times.
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 25 Apr 2014), imaged certificate for Carl W. Northroup, File Number 137846 (27 Oct 1918), (informant: Mrs. Flora Norhroup, Warren, PA); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: parents Fred Northrop and Flora Morrison).
Ella Sabrina English1
b. 27 July 1859, d. 22 February 1929
Ella Sabrina English was born on 27 July 1859 in Kinzua, Warren County, Pennsylvania.2 She married Franklin P. Morrison, son of Zephaniah Morrison and Hannah Marie Northrop, on 1 April 1880.3,2 Ella died on 22 February 1929 while on a cruise in the Mediterranean Sea at age 69.1 She and Franklin P. Morrison were buried in Oakland Cemetery, Warren, Warren County.4
Frank attended the public schools and early became associated with his father in the lumber business. He operated a saw mill on Kinzua Creek, shipping his products in rafts down the Allegheny River to city markets on the Ohio River. Frank became a large operator in Warren and McKean Counties, transacting a volume of business, surprising in its size. After many years spent in lumbering, he located in Warren and in 1902 incorporated the Warren Panel and Veneer Company, one of the largest and most prosperous industries of that city. He was also involved in other interests of importance both in Warren and other localities, notably with the Superior and Mutual Oil Refineries. He was a director of the First National Bank, also of the Conewango Trust Company, both of Warren. Frank and Ella were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Frank was also a member of the Masonic order, and in politics was a Democrat. Frank served on the Warren borough council and school board.2,5
Family | Franklin P. Morrison b. 15 Nov 1852, d. 25 Jul 1931 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Obituary of Ella Morrison.
- [S142] John W. Jordan LL.D Genealogical and Personal History of the Allegheny Valley, Pennsylvania (New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1913), 2:719-722.
- [S973] U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925 Record for Frank Morrison (marriage date recorded as 1 Apr 1881), viewed at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com).
- [S94] File Card Collection, Warren County Historical Society, Warren, Pennsylvania, Obituary of Frank Morrison and Oakland Cemetery gravestone inscriptions.
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren Co., Warren, Pennsylvania Ave, Frank Morrison household, National Archives, (Frank Morrison, Nov 1851, PA/PA/PA, md19y, lumberman; Ella S., Jul 1856, PA/PA/NY, 5child/5lvg; Ethel V., July 1881, PA; Earl R., May 1884, PA; R.Z., Nov 1885, PA; Fay M., Aug 1889, PA; Henry J., Jan 1894, PA; Virginia L. Bray, Dec 1883, PA/PA/PA, neice; Maude Ferry, Apr 1884, PA/Scot/Can, servant).
- [S114] Robert Morrison, 559-09-3544, Social Security Death Index, Master File, www.ancestry.com (Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999). Hereinafter cited as SSDI.
Adaline A. Northrup1
b. March 1860, d. 3 April 1911
Father | Lyman Northrup2 b. c 1823 |
Mother | Sally Ann (?)1 b. c 1826 |
Adaline A. Northrup was born in March 1860 in New York.3 She was the daughter of Lyman Northrup and Sally Ann (?)2,1 She married Matthew Morrison, son of Zephaniah Morrison and Hannah Marie Northrop, circa 1891.3 She died on 3 April 1911 in Josephine County, Oregon, at age 51.4
Adaline A. Northrup and Matthew Morrison were living in Nehalem, Tillamook County, Oregon, in 1900 where Matthew operated a livestock farm.3 She and Matthew Morrison were living in Williams, Josephine County, Oregon, in 1910 where Matthew was a farmer.5
Family | Matthew Morrison b. 14 Nov 1863, d. 7 Oct 1948 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S216] 1900 U.S. Census, Oregon, Tillamook Co., Matthew Morrison household, National Archives.
- [S286] 1860 Census, New York, Chautauqua Co., Busti Tp., Lyman Northrop household, National Archives, (Lyman Northrup, 37, PA, farmer; Sally Ann, 34, NY; Eugene, 10, NY; Wilbert, 2, NY; Adeline, 1, NY).
- [S216] 1900 U.S. Census, Oregon, Tillamook Co., Nehalem, Matthew Morrison household, National Archives, (Matthew Morrison, Nov 1863, PA/PA/PA, md9y, farmer-stock; Adaline A., Mar 1860, NY/PA/NY, 5child/5lvg[sic]; Virginia A., Dec 1892, PA; Eugene F., Jul 1894, OR; Caroline F., Aug 1898, OR; Sally A. Northrop, Feb 1826, NY/NY/NY, wd, 5child/5lvg, mother).
- [S1331] Adeline Morrison, viewed at Oregon, Death Index, 1898-2008 [database on-line] (ancestry.com).
- [S704] 1910 U.S. Census, Oregon, Josephine Co., Williams, Matthew Morrison household, National Archives, (Matthew Morrison, 47, PA/PA/PA, m. 19y, farmer; Adaline A. , 51, PA/PA/NY, 4child/4lvg[sic]; Virginia A., 17, PA; Eugene F., 15, OR; Caroline F., 11, OR).
Rudolph Mark1
b. between 1755 and 1774, d. between 1809 and 1810
Father | William Killian Mark2 b. c 1719, d. Oct 1792 |
Mother | Anna Maria (?)3 |
Charts | Ancestry of David Kipp Melat |
Rudolph Mark was born between 1755 and 1774.4 He was the son of William Killian Mark and Anna Maria (?)2,3 He married Barbara Walterberger, daughter of George Waltenberger and Susanna Weiss.5 He died between 1809 and 1810 in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.6,7
Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger , both single, were the sponsors at the baptism of Barbara, daughter of Jacob and Mary Magdalena Benner, on 13 December 1789 in St. John's Union Church, Fredericksburg, Bethel Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. This is the earliest record of Rudolph and Barbara.8 He was listed as the head of a family on the 1790 Census of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. The household consisted of one free man.9 He and Barbara Walterberger were were living in Haines Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, by 1797 when Rudolph appears on the Haines Township tax list for that year. Haines Township became part of Centre County in 1800.10 He was listed as the head of a family on the 1800 Census of Haines Township, Northumberland (now Centre) County, Pennsylvania. The household consisted of 2 males under 10, 1 male 26-45, 1 female under 10, 1 females 26-45. His name was recorded as Rudy Marke.4
Family | Barbara Walterberger b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S222] Unknown compiler, compiler, Dauphin County, (PA) Orphan's Court, 1785-1996 (n.p.: n.pub.), p. 396 (16 Apr 1793).
- [S223] F. Edward Wright, compiler, Lancaster County, PA Church Records of the 18th Century (Westminister, MD: Family Line Publication, 1994), p. 40 (baptism of John Henry Merck, s/o Kilian and Anna Maria Merck, 1759).
- [S126] 1800 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Northumberland Co., Haines Tp., Rudy Marke household, National Archives.
- [S218] J. H. Beers, Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania (n.p.: n.pub., 1898), p. 242 (biographical sketch of Frederick Weaver, husband of Catherine Mark).
- [S127] 1810 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Barbara Marks household, National Archives.
- [S227] Rudolph Mark entry, 1809 and 1810 Centre County Assessment Lists, Haines Tp.; Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. Assessments.
- [S246] F. Edward Wright, Early Church Records of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania (Westminster, MD: Family Line Publishing, 1995), p. 158.
- [S247] 1790 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Dauphin Co., Rudolph Mark household, National Archives.
- [S1168] John Blair Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1883), p. 31.
- [S221] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) church records (n.p.: n.pub.), Evangelical Lutheran Church, Aaronsburg (David Weber Mark, son of Rudolph and Barbara Mark, b. 31 Mar 1805/bap. 16 Jun 1805, sponsors David and Eva Weber).
Barbara Walterberger1
b. between 1765 and 1770, d. after 1830
Father | George Waltenberger2 |
Mother | Susanna Weiss2 |
Charts | Ancestry of David Kipp Melat |
Barbara Walterberger was born between 1765 and 1770.3,4 She was the daughter of George Waltenberger and Susanna Weiss.2 She married Rudolph Mark, son of William Killian Mark and Anna Maria (?).1 Barbara died after 1830 probably in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.5
Barbara Walterberger and Rudolph Mark , both single, were the sponsors at the baptism of Barbara, daughter of Jacob and Mary Magdalena Benner, on 13 December 1789 in St. John's Union Church, Fredericksburg, Bethel Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. This is the earliest record of Rudolph and Barbara.6 She and Rudolph Mark were were living in Haines Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, by 1797 when Rudolph appears on the Haines Township tax list for that year. Haines Township became part of Centre County in 1800.7 She was listed as the head of a family on the 1810 Census of Haines Township, Centre County. The household consisted of 2 males under 10, 1 male 10-16, 1 male 16-26, 3 females under 10, 2 females 10-16, 1 female 26-45.8 She was listed as the head of a family on the 1830 Census of Haines Township, Centre County. The household consisted of 1 males 20-30, 2 females 20-30, 1 female 60-70. Her name was recorded as Barbara Marks.9
Family | Rudolph Mark b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S218] J. H. Beers, Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania (n.p.: n.pub., 1898), p. 242 (biographical sketch of Frederick Weaver, husband of Catherine Mark).
- [S973] Records of the Reformed Dutch Church of Stone Arabia : in the town of Palatine, Montgomery County, N.Y., viewed at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com), (Vol.1. Marriages, Oct. 16, 1739 to 1795, p. 184, Georg Waltenberger and Susanna Weiss, 21 Apr 1768), accessed 7 Sep 2013.
- [S129] 1830 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Barbara Marks household (1female 60-70), National Archives.
- [S127] 1810 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Barbara Marks household (female 26-45), National Archives.
- [S129] 1830 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Barbara Mark household, National Archives.
- [S246] F. Edward Wright, Early Church Records of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania (Westminster, MD: Family Line Publishing, 1995), p. 158.
- [S1168] John Blair Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1883), p. 31.
- [S127] 1810 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre County, Haines Township, Barbara Mark household, National Archives.
- [S129] 1830 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre County, Haines Township, Barbara Mark household, National Archives, (1 males 20-30, 2 females 20-30, 1 female 60-70).
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S221] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) church records (n.p.: n.pub.), Evangelical Lutheran Church, Aaronsburg (David Weber Mark, son of Rudolph and Barbara Mark, b. 31 Mar 1805/bap. 16 Jun 1805, sponsors David and Eva Weber).
Franklin Winters1
b. 1871, d. 20 April 1904
Father | John Winters1 b. 21 Oct 1846, d. 2 Mar 1915 |
Mother | Catherine Nancy Baney1 b. Oct 1848, d. 15 Mar 1908 |
Charts | Descendants of John Baney Descendants of Frederick Benninghoff Descendants of Jacob Tarr Descendants of John Winters |
Franklin Winters was born in 1871 probably in Oakland Township, Venango County.1 He was the son of John Winters and Catherine Nancy Baney.1 He married Mary Loduskey Shawgo, daughter of John Shawgo and Lizzie (?), on 14 May 1903.2 He died on 20 April 1904 in Oil City, Venango County.3
Family | Mary Loduskey Shawgo b. Mar 1878, d. 1938 |
Citations
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cherrytree Tp., John Winters household, National Archives.
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Franklin Winters and Mary (Shawgo) Ross, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Martin W. Buchanan and Mary (Shawgo) Winters, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
Mary Loduskey Shawgo1
b. March 1878, d. 1938
Father | John Shawgo2 |
Mother | Lizzie (?)2 |
Mary Loduskey Shawgo was born in March 1878.1 She was the daughter of John Shawgo and Lizzie (?)2 She married William Edward Ross, son of Henry Ross and Susan Baney, on 5 May 1897 in Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.3 She married Franklin Winters, son of John Winters and Catherine Nancy Baney, on 14 May 1903.2 She married Martin W. Buchanan on 4 July 1904.4 She died in 1938.5 She was buried in Jamison Corners Cemeter, Cherrytree Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania.5
Family 1 | William Edward Ross b. Nov 1868, d. 17 Apr 1901 |
Children |
|
Family 2 | Franklin Winters b. 1871, d. 20 Apr 1904 |
Family 3 | Martin W. Buchanan |
Child |
|
Citations
- [S152] 1900 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cornplanter Tp., William E. Ross household, National Archives.
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Franklin Winters and Mary (Shawgo) Ross, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Martin Buchanan and Mary L. Winters, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S219] Gravestone, Mary Shawgo Buchanan, Jamison Corners Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA, Heritage Room, Oil City Library, Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania; read by Alice Morrison.
- [S1183] Letter from Terry Ross (Polk, PA) to Kipp Melat; unknown repository (unknown repository address).
- [S8] Obituary of Grace Hovis, The Oil City Derrick, Oil City, PA, 22 Feb 1984, Oil City Library, Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as The Derrick.
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Elizabeth Winters and Wellington Buchanan, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
John Shawgo1
Family | Lizzie (?) |
Child |
|
Citations
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Franklin Winters and Mary (Shawgo) Ross, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
Lizzie (?)1
Family | John Shawgo |
Child |
|
Citations
- [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, marriage license of Franklin Winters and Mary (Shawgo) Ross, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
Catherine Mark1,2
b. circa 19 January 1798, d. 31 May 1871
Father | Rudolph Mark3,2 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger1,2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
Catherine Mark was born circa 19 January 1798 in Haines Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.4 She was the daughter of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.3,2,1 She married Frederick Weaver.1,2 She died on 31 May 1871 in Haines Township, Centre County.4 She and Frederick Weaver were buried in Lutheran Cemetery, Aaronsburg, Centre County.5
Family | Frederick Weaver b. 4 Feb 1803, d. 11 Feb 1885 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S218] J. H. Beers, Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania (n.p.: n.pub., 1898), p. 242 (biographical sketch of Frederick Weaver, husband of Catherine Mark).
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), Lutheran Cemetery, Aaronsburg (gravestone of Catherine Mark Weaver, d. 31 May 1871, aged 73y, 4m, 12d). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), Lutheran Cemetery, Aaronsburg (gravestone of Frederick Weaver and Catherine Mark Weaver). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
- [S218] J. H. Beers, Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania (n.p.: n.pub., 1898), p. 242 (biographical sketch of Israel Weaver).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Frederick Weaver household, National Archives.
Frederick Weaver1,2
b. 4 February 1803, d. 11 February 1885
Frederick Weaver was born on 4 February 1803 in Haines Township, Centre County.2,3 He married Catherine Mark, daughter of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.1,2 He died on 11 February 1885 in Haines Township, Centre County, at age 82.3 He and Catherine Mark were buried in Lutheran Cemetery, Aaronsburg, Centre County.4
Frederick Weaver was listed as the head of a family on the 1850 Census of Haines Township, Centre County. The household consisted of Frederick Weaver, 48, farmer, real estate $4000; Catherine, 51; Israel, 19; Mary, 21; David, 17; John, 12; Anna Motz, 9, who was probably his wife's niece.5
Family | Catherine Mark b. c 19 Jan 1798, d. 31 May 1871 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S218] J. H. Beers, Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania (n.p.: n.pub., 1898), p. 242 (biographical sketch of Frederick Weaver, husband of Catherine Mark).
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), Lutheran Cemetery, Aaronsburg (gravestone of Frederick Weaver). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), Lutheran Cemetery, Aaronsburg (gravestone of Frederick Weaver and Catherine Mark Weaver). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Frederick Weaver household, National Archives, (Frederick Weaver, 48, farmer, $4000; Catherine, 51; Israel, 19; Mary, 21; David, 17; John, 12; Anna Motz, 9).
- [S218] J. H. Beers, Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania (n.p.: n.pub., 1898), p. 242 (biographical sketch of Israel Weaver).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Frederick Weaver household, National Archives.
Rebecca Mark1
b. circa 1803, d. 1879
Father | Rudolph Mark1 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
Rebecca Mark was born circa 1803 in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.3 She was the daughter of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.1,2 She married James Motz circa 1821.1,4 She possibly married Henry Winkleman.5 She died in 1879.6
Rebecca Mark and James Motz lived in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.11,12 She was living in Haines Township, Centre County, in 1850 with her son John. Presumably, her husband James died before 1850.13
Family 1 | James Motz b. bt 1790 - 1800, d. bt 1845 - 1850 |
Children |
|
Family 2 | Henry Winkleman b. 16 Oct 1793, d. 11 Apr 1863 |
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., John Motz household, National Archives, (John Motz, 27, laborer; Catherine, 29; Ellen, 1; Rebecca, 47; James, 23; Franklin, 11; Sarah, 5; Andrew Assle, 27, miller; Rebecca, 26; ---- (f), 2).
- [S1509] Unknown author, History of Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa (Springfield, IL: Continental Historical Company, 1884), p. 570 (Biographical sketch of John E. Motz; names parents as James and Rebecca (Marks) Motz).
- [S155] 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Henry Winkleman household, National Archives, (Henry Winkleman, 68, PA, laborer, $1500/$400; Rebecca, 58, PA; Susan Rosewaltzs (?), 100 [sic], $1000; William Rosewaltzs(?), 15, PA; Sarah Rosewaltzs(?), 12, PA; Catherine Rosewaltzs(?), 8, PA; ennumerated next to James Motzs household).
- [S1509] Unknown author, History of Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa (Springfield, IL: Continental Historical Company, 1884), p. 590 (Biographical sketch of Daniel Luther Motz; mother died in 1879).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Walker Tp., Henry Winkleman household, National Archives, (Henry Winkleman, 57, PA, farmer, $3000; Hetty, 47, PA; Benjamin, 16, PA, farmer; David Snyder, 30, PA, laborer; Amanda Snyder, 5, PA; James Snyder, 4, PA; Hetty Snyder, 2, PA).
- [S973] The Weiser family: a genealogy of the family of John Conrad Weiser, the elder (d. 1746) [Manheim, Pa.: John Conrad Weiser Family Association, 1960], p. 758, viewed at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com, accessed 22 Mar 2018).
- [S1110] 1870 U.S. Census, Iowa, Guthrie Co., Center Tp., William Williams household, National Archives, (William Williams, 30, OH, Rt. Mt. (?), $4000/$4000; Precilla, 30, OH; Cora E., 11, IA; Geor. A., 10, IA; Minnie, 2, IA; Jacob Eyse, 56, PA, Mt. Clerk; J. Patterson, 25, OH, carpenter; Rebecca Winkleman, 70, PA).
- [S973] Iowa, Cemetery Records, 1662-1999 [database on-line], viewed at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com), Tombstone Records of Guthrie County, Iowa, p. 262, Valley Cemetery: Rebecca, wife of H. Winkleman, d. 17 Jan 1874(?), aged 78(?), lot 184.
- [S129] 1830 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., James Moates entry, National Archives, (1 male under 5, 1 male 5-10, 1 male 30-40, 1 female under 5, 1 female 5-10, 2 females 20-30).
- [S130] 1840 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., James Motze entry, National Archives, (2 males under 5, 1 male 10-15, 1 male 15-20, 1 male 40-50, 2 females under 5, 1 female 10-15, 1 female 30-40).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., John Motz household, National Archives, (John Motz, 27, laborer; Catherine, 29; Ellen, 1; Rebecca, 47; James, 23; Franklin, 11; Sarah, 5; Andrew Auple, 27, miller; Rebecca, 26; West (f), 2).
- [S1510] Calvin F. Moyer, Genealogy of the Morr Family (Ashland, OH: Sun Publishing Co., 1896), pp. 83-84 (Rebecca and James had eight children: John, Elizabeth, Caroline, James, Maria, Luther, Sarah, Louisa.).
- [S1509] Unknown author, History of Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa (Springfield, IL: Continental Historical Company, 1884), p. 570 (Biographical sketch of John E. Motz; John E. Motz is the eldest of 6 children of James and Rebecca (Marks) Motz, born 13 Oct 1822 in Centre Co., PA).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., John Motz household, National Archives, (John Motz, 27, laborer; Catherine, 29; Ellen, 1; Rebecca, 47; James, 23; Franklin, 11; Sarah, 5; next household: Andrew Assle, 27, miller; Rebecca, 26; ---- (f), 2).
- [S873] Viewed at A Record History Biography Memory, Pioneer Times and People
A Record History Biography Memory, Pioneer Times and People
Guthrie Center Iowa
A Record History Biography Memory, Pioneer Times and People
A Record, History, Biography, Memory, Pioneer Times and People of Guthrie Center Iowa, by Elbert Wright Weeks 1932 (http://www.rootsweb.com/~iaguthri/html/weekspt1.html). - [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Frederick Weaver household, National Archives, (Frederick Weaver, 48, farmer, $4000; Catherine, 51; Israel, 19; Mary, 21; David, 17; John, 12; Anna Motz, 9).
- [S1273] "Iowa, County Death Records, 1880-1992," database, Sarah Rebbaca Newton, d. 6 Sep 1912, Guthrie Center, Guthrie Co., IA, viewed at Family Search (familysearch.org, accessed 5 Apr 2018), parents: James Matz and Rebecca Marks.
James Motz1
b. between 1790 and 1800, d. between 1845 and 1850
James Motz was born between 1790 and 1800.2,3 He married Rebecca Mark, daughter of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger, circa 1821.1,4 He probably died between 1845 and 1850 because his wife Rebecca and his younger children were living with their son John in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.5
Family | Rebecca Mark b. c 1803, d. 1879 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S129] 1830 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., James Moates entry, National Archives, (1 male under 5, 1 male 5-10, 1 male 30-40, 1 female under 5, 1 female 5-10, 2 females 20-30).
- [S130] 1840 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., James Motze entry, National Archives, (2 males under 5, 1 male 10-15, 1 male 15-20, 1 male 40-50, 2 females under 5, 1 female 10-15, 1 female 30-40).
- [S1509] Unknown author, History of Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa (Springfield, IL: Continental Historical Company, 1884), p. 570 (Biographical sketch of John E. Motz; names parents as James and Rebecca (Marks) Motz).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., John Motz household, National Archives, (John Motz, 27, laborer; Catherine, 29; Ellen, 1; Rebecca, 47; James, 23; Franklin, 11; Sarah, 5; Andrew Assle, 27, miller; Rebecca, 26; ---- (f), 2).
- [S1510] Calvin F. Moyer, Genealogy of the Morr Family (Ashland, OH: Sun Publishing Co., 1896), pp. 83-84 (Rebecca and James had eight children: John, Elizabeth, Caroline, James, Maria, Luther, Sarah, Louisa.).
- [S1509] Unknown author, History of Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa (Springfield, IL: Continental Historical Company, 1884), p. 570 (Biographical sketch of John E. Motz; John E. Motz is the eldest of 6 children of James and Rebecca (Marks) Motz, born 13 Oct 1822 in Centre Co., PA).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., John Motz household, National Archives, (John Motz, 27, laborer; Catherine, 29; Ellen, 1; Rebecca, 47; James, 23; Franklin, 11; Sarah, 5; next household: Andrew Assle, 27, miller; Rebecca, 26; ---- (f), 2).
- [S1509] Unknown author, History of Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa (Springfield, IL: Continental Historical Company, 1884), p. 570 (Biographical sketch of John E. Motz; John E. Motz is the eldest of 6 children of James and Rebecca (Marks) Motz).
- [S873] Viewed at A Record History Biography Memory, Pioneer Times and People
A Record History Biography Memory, Pioneer Times and People
Guthrie Center Iowa
A Record History Biography Memory, Pioneer Times and People
A Record, History, Biography, Memory, Pioneer Times and People of Guthrie Center Iowa, by Elbert Wright Weeks 1932 (http://www.rootsweb.com/~iaguthri/html/weekspt1.html). - [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Centre Co., Haines Tp., Frederick Weaver household, National Archives, (Frederick Weaver, 48, farmer, $4000; Catherine, 51; Israel, 19; Mary, 21; David, 17; John, 12; Anna Motz, 9).
- [S1273] "Iowa, County Death Records, 1880-1992," database, Sarah Rebbaca Newton, d. 6 Sep 1912, Guthrie Center, Guthrie Co., IA, viewed at Family Search (familysearch.org, accessed 5 Apr 2018), parents: James Matz and Rebecca Marks.
Mary Mark1,2,3,4
b. 20 June 1803, d. 13 July 1871
Father | Rudolph Mark1 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger5 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
Mary Mark was born on 20 June 1803 in Centre County, Pennsylvania.3,4 She was the daughter of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.1,5 She married George Wise.2,6 She died on 13 July 1871 in Oakland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania, at age 68.4 She was buried in Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Township.4
Mary Mark also went by the name of Polly.7,8,2 She and George Wise lived in Oakland Township, Venango County.3,9
Family | George Wise b. c 7 Apr 1805, d. 16 May 1865 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 2 Apr 2017), imaged certificate for Andrew J. Wise, File Number 10682 (15 Jan 1927), (informant: E.E. Buchanan, Diamond, PA [dau]); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: b. 13 Nov 1844, PA; father George Wise; mother Polly Mark; d. 13 Jan 1927, Titusville, Crawford Co., PA; bur Oakland Cemetery; wife: Nora J. Wise).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oakland Tp., George Wise household, National Archives, (George Wise, 42, PA, farmer; Mary, 47, PA; Henry A., 18, PA; John J., 15, PA; David E., 9, PA; Andrew J., 7, PA; Alexander, 4, PA).
- [S145] Gravestone, Mary Wise, Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1985, wife of George, d. 13 Jul 1871, aged 68y & 23d.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 28 June 2019 (incorrectly indexed as Henry Absolom Wist, d. in Cherry Tree, Indiana, PA)), imaged certificate for Henry Absolem Wise, File Number 112932 (5 Dec 1910), (informant: Andrew J. Wise, Diamond, PA [bro]); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: b. 19 Dec 1831, Centre Co, PA; father George Wise, Centre Co.; mother Mary Mark, Centre Co.; d. 29 Nov 1910, Cherrytree Tp., Venango Co., PA; bur Oakland Cemetery; widower, farmer).
- [S145] Gravestone, Mary Wise, Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1985, wife of George, d. 13 Jul 1871, aged 60y, 1m, 9d.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark: listed as Polly)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S155] 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oakland Tp., George Wise household, National Archives, (George Wise, 50, PA, farmer, 1800/725; Mary, 55, PA; Emanuel, 19, PA, famer; And'w J., 15, PA, day laborer; Alexander, 13, PA).
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 8 Apr 2017), imaged certificate for Andrew J. Wise, File Number 10682 (15 Jan 1927), informant: E.E. Buchanan, Diamond, PA [dau]; original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: b. 13 Nov 1844, PA; parents: George Wise and Polly Mark; d. 13 Jan 1927, Titusville, Crawford Co., PA; bur Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; wife Nora J. Wise; farmer).
Sally Mark1
Father | Rudolph Mark1 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
George Mark1
Father | Rudolph Mark1 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
George Mark the oldest child of Rudolph and Barbara Mark according to a letter written by his niece Kate Mark in 1928. According to the letter, George was a Lutheran minister and did not have any children.3
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S251] Steve Zimmerman, "Descendants of Ulrich Merk", 2000. References letter from Kate Mark to the Centre Co. Historical Society, dated 20 June 1928.
John Mark1
b. circa 11 September 1799, d. 2 November 1886
Father | Rudolph Mark1 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
John Mark was born circa 11 September 1799 in Haines Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.3 He was the son of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.1,2 He married Lydia (?)4 He died on 2 November 1886 in Cherrytree Township, Venango County.3,5 He and Lydia (?) were buried in Oakland Cemetery, Hamilton Corner's, Oakland Township, Venango County.6
John Mark and Lydia (?) lived in Cherrytree Township, Venango County.7,8,9 He and Lydia (?) had no children. He left a will in 1886. In his Will, dated 24 October 1868, John left his entire estate to his wife Lydia. Upon his wife's death, John bequeathed $700 to Margaret Tracy, wife of James M. Tracy; $150 to John W. Boals, son of the late Jonas Boals, "should he return from the army"; $125 to London Mark, the youngest son of his brother David; and the remainder of his estate to the Missionary Society of the Evangelical Association of North American, Cleveland, Ohio. John signed his name in German script as Johannes Mark.10
Family | Lydia (?) b. c 23 Jan 1807, d. 2 Jun 1890 |
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S145] Gravestone, John Marks, Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1985, (d. 2 Nov 1886, aged 87y, 1m, 21d).
- [S145] Gravestone, John and Lydia Mark, Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1985.
- [S154] Registrar's Docket 3:206 Will, Venango County Will Docket, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S145] Gravestone, John Mark, Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1985.
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cherrytree Tp., John Mark household, National Archives, (John Mark, 51, PA, farmer; Lydia, 44, PA; John Wesley Boals, 6, PA).
- [S155] 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cherrytree Tp., John Mark household, National Archives, (John Mark, 61, PA; Lydia, 56, PA).
- [S146] 1870 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cherrytree Tp., John Mark household, National Archives, (John Mark, 70, PA; Lydia, 64, PA).
- [S154] John Mark Will, Venango County Will Docket WB 6:287, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
Henry Mark1
b. circa 1807, d. 19 February 1883
Father | Rudolph Mark1 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
Henry Mark was born circa 1807 in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.3,4 He was the son of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.1,2 He married Maria Gramley on 28 December 1837 in Miles Township, Centre County.5 He died on 19 February 1883 in Guthrie County, Iowa.4,6,7 He was buried in Maplewood Cemetery, Baker Township, Guthrie County, Missouri.4
Henry Mark was living in Oakland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania, in 1850.8 He and Maria moved from Pennsylvania to Fillmore County, Minnesota, by 1857.9,10,11,12 He moved with his son William Henry Mark by 1878 to Baker Township, Guthrie County, Iowa.6
Henry Mark was a colonel in the Pennsylvania Militia before he moved to Minnesota according to a letter written by his granddaughter. He was known as "Old Colonel."13
Henry Mark was a colonel in the Pennsylvania Militia before he moved to Minnesota according to a letter written by his granddaughter. He was known as "Old Colonel."13
Family | Maria Gramley b. c 1814, d. 29 Jan 1875 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oakland Tp., Henry Mark household, National Archives.
- [S1496] Burial Record, Henry Mark, viewed at http://www.iagenweb.org/guthrie/cemetery/Maplewood/Stub.htm, accessed 25 Mar 2017 (information found in the Works Project Administration (WPA) 1930’s Graves Registration Survey), Henry Mark, died 19 Feb 1883, aged 76y.
- [S228] Centre County Historical Society, compiler, Spangler Notebook (Centre Co., PA records) (n.p.: n.pub.), marriage record (need citation).
- [S583] 1880 U.S. Census, Iowa, Guthrie Co., Baker Tp., William Marks household (William Marks, 30, PA/PA/PA, farmer; Caroline E, 28, IA/NY/OH; Susan N., 7, MN/PA/IA; John H., 5, MN/PA/IA; Barbara E., 3, MN/PA/IA; Katherine E., 1, IA/PA/IA; Charles Kendall, 26, Can/Bav/Bav,farm laborer, no relation; Addison Hurlbut, 22, MN/NY/OH, no relation, farm laborer; Henry Marks, 73, PA/PA/PA, father, farm laborer, Ancestry.com, (accessed 7 Sep 2013).
- [S1317] 1885 State Census, Iowa, Hardin Co., Tipton/Hubbard, William Mark household (William Mark, 34, PA, farmer; Caroline, 32, IA, bn Clayton Co., IA; Susan, 11, MN; John, 9, MN; Barbara, 7, MN; Catherine, 5, IA, bn Guthrie Co.; Adam, 1, IA, bn Guthrie Co.; Alvin Hurlbut, 18, MN, farm laborer, familysearch.org, ((https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/HZL2-63Z : accessed 08 Sep 2013), William Mark, 1885).
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oakland Tp., Henry Mark household, National Archives, (Henry Mark 44, PA, Maria 37, PA, Adam L. 10, PA, Henry W. 4/12, PA).
- [S1420] 1857 Territorial Census, Minnesota, Fillmore Co., Township 101, Henry Mark household (Henry Mark, 51, PA, farmer; Maria, 43, PA; Adam R., 16, PA; Wm. H., 8, PA; Amanda Old, 17, PA; David Ware, 21, PA, farmer; two others), familysearch.org, (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/38GB-DMM : accessed 07 Sep 2013).
- [S248] 1860 U.S. Census, Minnesota, Fillmore Co., Bristol Tp., Henry Mark household, National Archives, (Henry Mark, 38, PA, farmer, real estate $700, personal estate $150; Mariah 36, Adam 18, Wm 16).
- [S249] 1870 U.S. Census, Minnesota, Fillmore Co., Bristol Tp., Henry Mark household, National Archives, (Henry Mark 65, PA, farmer, real estate $3600, personal estate $1300; Maria 58; William 20).
- [S1421] 1875 State Census, Minnesota, Filmore Co., Township 101, William Mark household (William Mark, 25, PA/PA/PA; C.E, 23, IA/NY/OH; Susan N., 2, MN/NY/OH; John H., (0), MN/NY/OH; Henry, 67, PA/PA/PA; David Cummings, 14, MN/PA/PA), familysearch.org, (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MKND-VH6 : accessed 07 Sep 2013).
- [S251] Steve Zimmerman, "Descendants of Ulrich Merk", 2000. References letter from Kate Mark to the Centre Co. Historical Society, dated 20 June 1928.
- [S230] Gravestone, Barbary Allen Mark, Neely Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA, Pennsylvania Room, Franklin Library, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania; read by Alice Morrison, d/o Henry and Mariah Mark, d. 25 June 1840, aged 1y, 9m, 3d.
David Weber Mark1,2
b. 31 March 1805, d. circa 28 July 1858
Father | Rudolph Mark3,2 b. bt 1755 - 1774, d. bt 1809 - 1810 |
Mother | Barbara Walterberger1,2 b. bt 1765 - 1770, d. a 1830 |
David Weber Mark was born on 31 March 1805 in Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania.1,2 He was the son of Rudolph Mark and Barbara Walterberger.3,2,1 He married Catherine Lutz.4 He died circa 28 July 1858 in Oakland Township, Venango County.5
David Weber Mark was listed as the head of a family on the 1850 Census of Oakland Township, Venango County. The household consisted of David Mark 36, Catherine 37, Israel 17, Benj. F. 14, Cyrus 6, Sarah B. 5, Lydia Ann 2.6 He died leaving minor children and Samuel Edward Baum was appointed guardian. Samuel Baum, David's nephew, was appointed guardian of his younger children.7
Family | Catherine Lutz |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50 (quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark), Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S221] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) church records (n.p.: n.pub.), Evangelical Lutheran Church, Aaronsburg (David Weber Mark, son of Rudolph and Barbara Mark, b. 31 Mar 1805/bap. 16 Jun 1805, sponsors David and Eva Weber).
- [S217] Centre County Deeds, I:50, Centre County Historical Society, Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, ((quit-claim deed for estate of Rudolph Mark)). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co. (PA) Deeds.
- [S236] Georgia Wygant Miller, History of the James Wygant Family (n.p.: n.pub., unknown publish date), records Catherine's maiden name as Lutz, but lists no source.
- [S148] Venango County Orphan's Court, OCD 6:252, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania, (settlement of David Mark's estate). Hereinafter cited as Venango Co. Orphan's Court.
- [S137] 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oakland Tp., David Mark household, National Archives.
- [S148] Venango County Orphan's Court, OCD 1:600-601, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania, (appointment of Guardian for David Mark's children). Hereinafter cited as Venango Co. Orphan's Court.
- [S148] Venango County Orphan's Court, OCD 1:600-601; 6:252, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania, (guardianship for children of David Mark). Hereinafter cited as Venango Co. Orphan's Court.
- [S212] Obituary of Israel T. Mark, Venango Citizen Press, Franklin, PA, 16 Oct 1918, Pennsylvania Room, Franklin Library, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 20 Jul 2018), imaged certificate for Israel T. Mark, File Number 1129698, filed 9 Oct 1918 (informant: W. A. Mark, Titusville, PA [son]); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: b. 27 Oct 1833, PA, d. 8 Oct 1918, Cherrytree, Venango Co, PA; father: David Mark, PA; mother: unknown; carpenter; widowed; bur: Fairview Cemetery).
- [S145] Gravestone, Benjamin F. Mark, Oakland Cemetery, Oakland Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1985, 1837-1881.
- [S229] Obituary of Benjamin F. Mark, Venango Spectator, Franklin, PA, 10 Feb 1881, Pennsylvania Room, Franklin Library, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S212] Obituary of Cyrus S. Mark, Venango Citizen Press, Franklin, PA, 29 Oct 1913, Pennsylvania Room, Franklin Library, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
- [S155] 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oakland Tp., Catherine Mark household, National Archives.
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 18 Jul 2018), imaged certificate for Sarah B. Weikal, File Number 39 (filed 31 Jan 1916), (informant: Frank M. Weikal, Avalon, PA [son]); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: b. 25 Aug 1845, Venango Co., PA; father: David Mark, Centre Co., mother: not known; d. 29 Jan 1916, Avalon, Allegheny Co., PA; bur: Oil City, PA).
- [S1462] "Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1967," database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed 18 Jul 2018), imaged certificate for Lydia Lavan, File Number 115622 (filed 24 Nov 1920), (informant: Elias Lavan, Hawthorn, PA [husb]); original certificate at Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, Division of Vital Records, New Castle, PA; (Extracted information: b. 15 Apr 1848, PA, parents David Mark and Catherine Lutz; d. 22 Nov 1920, Hawthorn, Clarion Co., PA; bur: Shannondale Cem.).
William Killian Mark1
b. circa 1719, d. October 1792
Charts | Ancestry of David Kipp Melat |
William Killian Mark was born circa 1719 (an unknown value) in Switzerland.2 He married Anna Maria (?)3 He married Catherine (?) by 1777.1 He died in October 1792 in East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.1
William Killian Mark immigrated in May 1735 to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the ship "Mercury."2 He signed a warrant for one hundred acres in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on 21 September 1749.4
Family 1 | Anna Maria (?) |
Children |
|
Family 2 | Catherine (?) |
Citations
- [S222] Unknown compiler, compiler, Dauphin County, (PA) Orphan's Court, 1785-1996 (n.p.: n.pub.), p. 396 (16 Apr 1793).
- [S224] I. Daniel Rupp, compiler, A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776 (Philadelphia: I.G. Kohler, 1876), need complete citation (Killian immigrated to America in 1735 at 16 years of age).
- [S223] F. Edward Wright, compiler, Lancaster County, PA Church Records of the 18th Century (Westminister, MD: Family Line Publication, 1994), p. 40.
- [S225] Pennsylvania Archives, need citation.
- [S223] F. Edward Wright, compiler, Lancaster County, PA Church Records of the 18th Century (Westminister, MD: Family Line Publication, 1994), p. 40 (baptism of John Henry Merck, s/o Kilian and Anna Maria Merck, 1759).
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), St. Paul's Lutheran and Reformed Cemetery (gravestone of Jacob Mark). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), Heckman Cemetery (gravestone of David Mark). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
Anna Maria (?)1
Charts | Ancestry of David Kipp Melat |
Family | William Killian Mark b. c 1719, d. Oct 1792 |
Children |
|
Citations
- [S223] F. Edward Wright, compiler, Lancaster County, PA Church Records of the 18th Century (Westminister, MD: Family Line Publication, 1994), p. 40 (baptism of John Henry Merck, s/o Kilian and Anna Maria Merck, 1759).
- [S223] F. Edward Wright, compiler, Lancaster County, PA Church Records of the 18th Century (Westminister, MD: Family Line Publication, 1994), p. 40.
- [S222] Unknown compiler, compiler, Dauphin County, (PA) Orphan's Court, 1785-1996 (n.p.: n.pub.), p. 396 (16 Apr 1793).
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), St. Paul's Lutheran and Reformed Cemetery (gravestone of Jacob Mark). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
- [S220] Centre County Historical Society, Centre County, (PA) cemetery records (n.p.: n.pub.), Heckman Cemetery (gravestone of David Mark). Hereinafter cited as Centre Co., (PA) cemetery records.
Catherine (?)1
Family | William Killian Mark b. c 1719, d. Oct 1792 |
Citations
- [S222] Unknown compiler, compiler, Dauphin County, (PA) Orphan's Court, 1785-1996 (n.p.: n.pub.), p. 396 (16 Apr 1793).
John Henry Mark1
b. 20 May 1759
Father | William Killian Mark1 b. c 1719, d. Oct 1792 |
Mother | Anna Maria (?)1 |
John Henry Mark was born on 20 May 1759 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of William Killian Mark and Anna Maria (?)1 He was baptized on 17 June 1759 in ist Reformed Congregation, Lancaster, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.1
Citations
- [S223] F. Edward Wright, compiler, Lancaster County, PA Church Records of the 18th Century (Westminister, MD: Family Line Publication, 1994), p. 40 (baptism of John Henry Merck, s/o Kilian and Anna Maria Merck, 1759).
Abraham Mark
b. 21 November 1770
Father | William Killian Mark b. c 1719, d. Oct 1792 |
Mother | Anna Maria (?) |
Abraham Mark was born on 21 November 1770. He was the son of William Killian Mark and Anna Maria (?)