Leona M. (?)1

     Leona M. (?) married James Leroy Keister, son of John W. Keister and Laura Irene Dreibelbis.1
     Leona M. (?) and James Leroy Keister were living in Carrollton, Cattaraugus County, New York, in 1930 where James was an oil well driller.1 She and James Leroy Keister were living in Eldred Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania, in 1940.2

Family

James Leroy Keister b. 20 Dec 1899, d. Jul 1963
Child

Citations

  1. [S1092] 1930 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus Co., Carrollton, James L. Keister household, National Archives, (James L. Keister, 30, PA/PA/PA, driller, oil fields; Leona M., 28, PA/PA/PA; Elsie L., 5, PA/PA/PA).
  2. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Eldred Tp., James L. Keister household, National Archives, (James L. Keister, 40, PA, driller, oil wells; Leona M., 38, PA; Elsie L., 15, PA).

Elsie L. Keister1

b. circa 1925
FatherJames Leroy Keister1 b. 20 Dec 1899, d. Jul 1963
MotherLeona M. (?)1
     Elsie L. Keister was born circa 1925 in Pennsylvania.1 She was the daughter of James Leroy Keister and Leona M. (?)1

Citations

  1. [S1092] 1930 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus Co., Carrollton, James L. Keister household, National Archives, (James L. Keister, 30, PA/PA/PA, driller, oil fields; Leona M., 28, PA/PA/PA; Elsie L., 5, PA/PA/PA).

Lucille (?)1

     Lucille (?) married Arthur Harmon Keister, son of John W. Keister and Laura Irene Dreibelbis.1
     Lucille (?) and Arthur Harmon Keister lived in Foster Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania, where Arthur worked in the oil fields.1

Family

Arthur Harmon Keister b. 23 Jan 1898, d. Jan 1982
Children

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Arthur Keister household, National Archives, (Arthur Keister, 42, PA, pumper, petroleum production; Lucille, 32, PA; Herman, 16, PA; Alfred, 14, PA: Bessie, 9, PA; John, 79, PA, lvg Venango Co. in 1935, father; Laura, 72, PA, lvg Venango Co., in 1935, mother).

Alfred Keister1

b. circa 1926
FatherArthur Harmon Keister1 b. 23 Jan 1898, d. Jan 1982
MotherLucille (?)1
     Alfred Keister was born circa 1926 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Arthur Harmon Keister and Lucille (?)1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Arthur Keister household, National Archives, (Arthur Keister, 42, PA, pumper, petroleum production; Lucille, 32, PA; Herman, 16, PA; Alfred, 14, PA: Bessie, 9, PA; John, 79, PA, lvg Venango Co. in 1935, father; Laura, 72, PA, lvg Venango Co., in 1935, mother).

Bessie Keister1

FatherArthur Harmon Keister1 b. 23 Jan 1898, d. Jan 1982
MotherLucille (?)1
     Bessie Keister is the daughter of Arthur Harmon Keister and Lucille (?)1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Arthur Keister household, National Archives, (Arthur Keister, 42, PA, pumper, petroleum production; Lucille, 32, PA; Herman, 16, PA; Alfred, 14, PA: Bessie, 9, PA; John, 79, PA, lvg Venango Co. in 1935, father; Laura, 72, PA, lvg Venango Co., in 1935, mother).

Hazel Carpenter1

     Hazel Carpenter married Harry W. Keister, son of John W. Keister and Laura Irene Dreibelbis, circa 1929.1
     Hazel Carpenter and Harry W. Keister lived in McKean County, Pennsylvania, where Harry worked in the oil fields.1,2

Family

Harry W. Keister b. 4 Jan 1905, d. Jul 1986
Children

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Otto Tp., Guy P. Carpenter household, National Archives, (Guy P. Carpenter, 50, PA/PA/PA, labor, oil; Ethel, 39, PA/PA/NY; Mildred, 11, PA/PA/PA, dau; Catherine, 10, PA/PA/PA, dau; Clara, 4, PA/PA/PA, dau; Harry W., Keister, 25, PA/PA/NY, son-in-law; Hazel Keister, 18, PA/PA/PA, dau;).
  2. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Harry Keister household, National Archives, (Harry Keister, 35, PA, lease worker, petroleum production; Hazel, 28, PA; Wilma, 8, PA; Wilson, 6, PA: Robert, 2, PA).

Wilma Keister1

FatherHarry W. Keister1 b. 4 Jan 1905, d. Jul 1986
MotherHazel Carpenter1
     Wilma Keister is the daughter of Harry W. Keister and Hazel Carpenter.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Harry Keister household, National Archives, (Harry Keister, 35, PA, lease worker, petroleum production; Hazel, 28, PA; Wilma, 8, PA; Wilson, 6, PA: Robert, 2, PA).

Wilson Keister1

FatherHarry W. Keister1 b. 4 Jan 1905, d. Jul 1986
MotherHazel Carpenter1
     Wilson Keister is the son of Harry W. Keister and Hazel Carpenter.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Harry Keister household, National Archives, (Harry Keister, 35, PA, lease worker, petroleum production; Hazel, 28, PA; Wilma, 8, PA; Wilson, 6, PA: Robert, 2, PA).

Robert Keister1

FatherHarry W. Keister1 b. 4 Jan 1905, d. Jul 1986
MotherHazel Carpenter1
     Robert Keister is the son of Harry W. Keister and Hazel Carpenter.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Harry Keister household, National Archives, (Harry Keister, 35, PA, lease worker, petroleum production; Hazel, 28, PA; Wilma, 8, PA; Wilson, 6, PA: Robert, 2, PA).

Harmon Keister1

b. circa 1924
FatherArthur Harmon Keister1 b. 23 Jan 1898, d. Jan 1982
MotherLucille (?)1
     Harmon Keister was born circa 1924 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Arthur Harmon Keister and Lucille (?)1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Foster Tp., Bells Camp, Arthur Keister household, National Archives, (Arthur Keister, 42, PA, pumper, petroleum production; Lucille, 32, PA; Herman, 16, PA; Alfred, 14, PA: Bessie, 9, PA; John, 79, PA, lvg Venango Co. in 1935, father; Laura, 72, PA, lvg Venango Co., in 1935, mother).

Samuel McWilliams1

     Samuel McWilliams married Elsie V. Keister, daughter of John W. Keister and Laura Irene Dreibelbis.1
     Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister lived in McKean County, Pennsylvania, where Sam worked in the oil fields.2,3

Citations

  1. [S8] W. Keister, 70, Shippenville, Dies Sunday, The Oil City Derrick, Oil City, PA, 2 Jan 1962, Oil City Library, Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania. Hereinafter cited as The Derrick.
  2. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Bradford Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 28, PA/PA/PA, tractor driver, oil lease; Elsie, 20, PA/PA/PA; James, 1 11/12, PA; Harold, 5/12, PA; James, 32, PA/PA/PA, brother, laborer, oil lease).
  3. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

Frank Reynolds1

b. circa 1925
FatherJames Claude Reynolds1
MotherArtie Irene Keister1 b. 24 Dec 1894, d. 13 Mar 1944
     Frank Reynolds was born circa 1925 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of James Claude Reynolds and Artie Irene Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Bradford Tp., James Reynolds household, National Archives, (James Reynolds, 42, PA/PA/PA, pumper, oil lease; Artie, 35, PA/PA/PA; Evelyn, 15, PA; Carl, 14, PA; Ronald, 11, PA; Frank, 4 10/12, PA).

James McWilliams1

b. circa 1928
FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     James McWilliams was born circa 1928 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Bradford Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 28, PA/PA/PA, tractor driver, oil lease; Elsie, 20, PA/PA/PA; James, 1 11/12, PA; Harold, 5/12, PA; James, 32, PA/PA/PA, brother, laborer, oil lease).

Harold McWilliams1

b. circa 1930, d. between 1930 and 1940
FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     Harold McWilliams was born circa 1930 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1 He died between 1930 and 1940.1,2

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Bradford Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 28, PA/PA/PA, tractor driver, oil lease; Elsie, 20, PA/PA/PA; James, 1 11/12, PA; Harold, 5/12, PA; James, 32, PA/PA/PA, brother, laborer, oil lease).
  2. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

June McWilliams1

FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     June McWilliams is the daughter of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

Marion McWilliams1

FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     Marion McWilliams is the daughter of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

Alice McWilliams1

FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     Alice McWilliams is the daughter of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

Wanetta McWilliams1

FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     Wanetta McWilliams is the daughter of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

Shirley Ann McWilliams1

FatherSamuel McWilliams1
MotherElsie V. Keister1 b. 24 Feb 1910, d. 15 Feb 1989
     Shirley Ann McWilliams is the daughter of Samuel McWilliams and Elsie V. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Lafayette Tp., Samuel McWilliams household, National Archives, (Samuel McWilliams, 38, PA, pumper, oil field; Elsie, 30, PA; James, 12, PA; June, 9, PA: Marion, 7, PA; Alice, 6, PA; Wanetta, 4, PA; Shirley Ann, 2, PA).

Virginia J. Nuhfer1

b. circa 1913
FatherAloysius Steven Nuhfer1 b. 26 Feb 1886
MotherPearl M. Keister1 b. c 1894, d. 30 Aug 1960
     Virginia J. Nuhfer was born circa 1913 in Pennsylvania.1 She was the daughter of Aloysius Steven Nuhfer and Pearl M. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Otto Tp., Albert L. Nuhfer household, National Archives, (Albert L. Nuhfer, 42, PA/PA/PA, laborer, oil; Pearl M., 37 PA/PA/PA; Virginia J., 17, PA; Opal M., 16, PA; Raymond J., 13, PA; Willard S., 7, PA; Helen M., 1 7/12, PA).

Opal M. Nuhfer1

b. circa 1914
FatherAloysius Steven Nuhfer1 b. 26 Feb 1886
MotherPearl M. Keister1 b. c 1894, d. 30 Aug 1960
     Opal M. Nuhfer was born circa 1914 in Pennsylvania.1 She was the daughter of Aloysius Steven Nuhfer and Pearl M. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Otto Tp., Albert L. Nuhfer household, National Archives, (Albert L. Nuhfer, 42, PA/PA/PA, laborer, oil; Pearl M., 37 PA/PA/PA; Virginia J., 17, PA; Opal M., 16, PA; Raymond J., 13, PA; Willard S., 7, PA; Helen M., 1 7/12, PA).

Raymond J. Nuhfer1

b. circa 1917
FatherAloysius Steven Nuhfer1 b. 26 Feb 1886
MotherPearl M. Keister1 b. c 1894, d. 30 Aug 1960
     Raymond J. Nuhfer was born circa 1917.1 He was the son of Aloysius Steven Nuhfer and Pearl M. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Otto Tp., Albert L. Nuhfer household, National Archives, (Albert L. Nuhfer, 42, PA/PA/PA, laborer, oil; Pearl M., 37 PA/PA/PA; Virginia J., 17, PA; Opal M., 16, PA; Raymond J., 13, PA; Willard S., 7, PA; Helen M., 1 7/12, PA).

Willard S. Nuhfer1

b. circa 1923
FatherAloysius Steven Nuhfer1 b. 26 Feb 1886
MotherPearl M. Keister1 b. c 1894, d. 30 Aug 1960
     Willard S. Nuhfer was born circa 1923 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Aloysius Steven Nuhfer and Pearl M. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Otto Tp., Albert L. Nuhfer household, National Archives, (Albert L. Nuhfer, 42, PA/PA/PA, laborer, oil; Pearl M., 37 PA/PA/PA; Virginia J., 17, PA; Opal M., 16, PA; Raymond J., 13, PA; Willard S., 7, PA; Helen M., 1 7/12, PA).

Helen M. Nuhfer1

b. circa 1928
FatherAloysius Steven Nuhfer1 b. 26 Feb 1886
MotherPearl M. Keister1 b. c 1894, d. 30 Aug 1960
     Helen M. Nuhfer was born circa 1928 in Pennsylvania.1 She was the daughter of Aloysius Steven Nuhfer and Pearl M. Keister.1

Citations

  1. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, McKean Co., Otto Tp., Albert L. Nuhfer household, National Archives, (Albert L. Nuhfer, 42, PA/PA/PA, laborer, oil; Pearl M., 37 PA/PA/PA; Virginia J., 17, PA; Opal M., 16, PA; Raymond J., 13, PA; Willard S., 7, PA; Helen M., 1 7/12, PA).

Daisy Beck1

b. circa 1886
MotherLaura Irene Dreibelbis1 b. 30 Mar 1868, d. 21 Feb 1945
     Daisy Beck was born circa 1886 in Pennsylvania.1 She was the daughter of Laura Irene Dreibelbis.1 She married Ira W. Minich on 19 April 1904 in Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.2

Family

Ira W. Minich b. 1881, d. 1910
Children

Citations

  1. [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, Daisy D. Beck and Ira W. Minich, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania. Daisy's mother listed as Laura Keister--father not listed.
  2. [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, Daisy D. Beck and Ira W. Minich, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
  3. [S916] Wilson L. Minich, viewed at Texas Death Records (http://vitals.rootsweb.com/tx/death/search.cgi).
  4. [S396] Gravestone, Russell V. Minich, Brandon Cemetery, Cranberry Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1981, 1907-1919.
  5. [S1321] Chautauqua Co., Hazel Ruby Minich and Peter V. Mercilliott, viewed at New York Marriages (familysearch.org).

Ira W. Minich1

b. 1881, d. 1910
     Ira W. Minich was born in 1881 in Pennsylvania.1,2 He married Daisy Beck, daughter of Laura Irene Dreibelbis, on 19 April 1904 in Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.1 He died in 1910.2 He was buried in Brandon Cemetery, Cranberry Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania.2

Family

Daisy Beck b. c 1886
Children

Citations

  1. [S10] Venango County (PA) Marriage License, Daisy D. Beck and Ira W. Minich, Registrar & Recorder's Office, Courthouse, Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania.
  2. [S396] Gravestone, Ira W. Minich, Brandon Cemetery, Cranberry Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1981, 1881-1910.
  3. [S916] Wilson L. Minich, viewed at Texas Death Records (http://vitals.rootsweb.com/tx/death/search.cgi).
  4. [S396] Gravestone, Russell V. Minich, Brandon Cemetery, Cranberry Tp., Venango Co., PA; read by Kipp Melat, 1981, 1907-1919.
  5. [S1321] Chautauqua Co., Hazel Ruby Minich and Peter V. Mercilliott, viewed at New York Marriages (familysearch.org).

Hazel Ruby Minich1

b. circa 1910
FatherIra W. Minich1 b. 1881, d. 1910
MotherDaisy Beck1 b. c 1886
     Hazel Ruby Minich was born circa 1910 in Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania.1 She was the daughter of Ira W. Minich and Daisy Beck.1 She married Peter V. Mercilliott on 14 June 1927 in Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York.1
     Hazel Ruby Minich and Peter V. Mercilliott lived in Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania, where Peter worked as a machinist.2,3

Citations

  1. [S1321] Chautauqua Co., Hazel Ruby Minich and Peter V. Mercilliott, viewed at New York Marriages (familysearch.org).
  2. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cranberry Tp., Sage Run Rd, Peter V. Mercilliott household, National Archives, (Peter V. Mercillioutt, 25, PA/PA/US, machinist, general garage; Hazel, 20, PA/PA/PA; Peter E., 1, PA; Ruby J., 0, PA).
  3. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oil City, Pearl Ave, Peter V. Mercilliott household, National Archives, (Peter V. Mercillioutt, 35, PA, machinist, machine shop; Hazel, 30, PA; Peter E., 11, PA; Ruby J., 10, PA; Robert, 6, OH; Jeanine, 1, PA).

Peter V. Mercilliott1

b. circa 1905
     Peter V. Mercilliott was born circa 1905 in Marianville, Forest County, New York.1 He married Hazel Ruby Minich, daughter of Ira W. Minich and Daisy Beck, on 14 June 1927 in Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York.1
     Peter V. Mercilliott and Hazel Ruby Minich lived in Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania, where Peter worked as a machinist.2,3

Citations

  1. [S1321] Chautauqua Co., Hazel Ruby Minich and Peter V. Mercilliott, viewed at New York Marriages (familysearch.org).
  2. [S969] 1930 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Cranberry Tp., Sage Run Rd, Peter V. Mercilliott household, National Archives, (Peter V. Mercillioutt, 25, PA/PA/US, machinist, general garage; Hazel, 20, PA/PA/PA; Peter E., 1, PA; Ruby J., 0, PA).
  3. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oil City, Pearl Ave, Peter V. Mercilliott household, National Archives, (Peter V. Mercillioutt, 35, PA, machinist, machine shop; Hazel, 30, PA; Peter E., 11, PA; Ruby J., 10, PA; Robert, 6, OH; Jeanine, 1, PA).

Wilson L. Minich1

b. 19 November 1905, d. 7 July 1968
FatherIra W. Minich1 b. 1881, d. 1910
MotherDaisy Beck1 b. c 1886
     Wilson L. Minich was born on 19 November 1905 in Seneca, Cranberry Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Ira W. Minich and Daisy Beck.1 He died on 7 July 1968 in Houston, Harris County, Texas, at age 62.1 He was buried in Veterans Administration Cemetery, Harris County, Texas.1
     Wilson L. Minich was a lounge operator in Houston, Texas.1

Citations

  1. [S916] Wilson L. Minich, viewed at Texas Death Records (http://vitals.rootsweb.com/tx/death/search.cgi).

Peter E. Mercilliott1

b. circa 1928
FatherPeter V. Mercilliott1 b. c 1905
MotherHazel Ruby Minich1 b. c 1910
     Peter E. Mercilliott was born circa 1928 in Pennsylvania.1 He was the son of Peter V. Mercilliott and Hazel Ruby Minich.1

Citations

  1. [S1348] 1940 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Venango Co., Oil City, Pearl Ave, Peter V. Mercilliott household, National Archives, (Peter V. Mercillioutt, 35, PA, machinist, machine shop; Hazel, 30, PA; Peter E., 11, PA; Ruby J., 10, PA; Robert, 6, OH; Jeanine, 1, PA).